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Biology – Ch. 8 Photosynthesis
Page 214 / 386
Unit 3 · Energy in Living Things214

Chapter 8 · Photosynthesis

8.2 The Light Reactions

Photosynthesis happens in two stages. In the first, the light reactions capture energy from sunlight and store it in two carrier molecules, ATP and NADPH. Water molecules are split, releasing oxygen as a by-product.

Thylakoid stack (granum)Stroma

Figure 8-6 The light reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes.

6CO2 + 6H2O light → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Photosystem II absorbs light and energizes electrons, which pass along an electron transport chain to Photosystem I. The energy released pumps H+ ions into the thylakoid space, and ATP synthase uses their flow to make ATP.

Key terms

Chlorophyll
Green pigment that absorbs light energy
Thylakoid
Membrane sac where the light reactions occur
NADPH
Electron carrier used by the Calvin cycle
Light reactions, explained
Explain the light reactions simply, and compare them with the Calvin cycle
Read pages and looked at a figure· 3 steps

Think of the light reactions as a solar charger: they turn sunlight into chemical energy the plant can carry around. p. 214

  1. Chlorophyll absorbs light and excites electrons
  2. Water is split, releasing O₂
  3. The energy is stored in ATP and NADPH
Light reactionsCalvin cycle
WhereThylakoid membraneStroma
UsesLight, H₂OCO₂, ATP, NADPH
MakesATP, NADPH, O₂Glucose
Quiz meMake flashcardsCalvin cycle?

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LibraryAI
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Chapter 8 quiz
Quiz me on Chapter 8 before my test
Read the outline and read pages· 4 steps

Here are 5 questions on the light reactions and the Calvin cycle.

Question 2 of 5

Where do the light reactions take place?

A.In the stroma
B.In the thylakoid membranes
C.In the mitochondria

Correct!

Chlorophyll sits in the thylakoid membranes, so that's where light is captured.

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TL;DR Cells break down glucose in three stages, releasing the energy as ATP.

  • Glycolysis splits glucose in the cytoplasm
  • The Krebs cycle runs inside the mitochondria
  • The electron transport chain makes most of the ATP
Glycolysisp.232Krebs cyclep.234Electron transportp.236
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biology.pdf

10.2 Mitosis

Before a cell divides, it copies every chromosome. During mitosis, the copies are pulled to opposite ends of the cell, so each new cell gets an identical set of chromosomes.

Compare with meiosis, which halves the chromosomes (p. 268)
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What does "selectively permeable" mean?
The membrane lets some substances through, like water and oxygen, but blocks others, like large sugars. p. 184
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Question 2 of 540%

What is the main job of the mitochondria?

Releasing energy from food
Making proteins
Storing DNA

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Which stage of cellular respiration makes the most ATP?
Searched "ATP yield" · 3 matches
Read page 236
The electron transport chain makes about 34 of the 38 ATP from each glucose molecule.
Electron transport
34
Glycolysis
2
Krebs cycle
2
p. 236Table 9-1

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biology.pdf

7.3 The Cell Membrane

The membrane is a double layer of phospholipids that controls what enters and leaves the cell. Small molecules diffuse across, but larger ones need transport proteins.

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Why does the inner mitochondrial membrane have so many folds?

The folds add surface area, so there's room to make more ATP.
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